人体体液中游离脂肪酸的GC-MS定量测定

从人血清、血浆、乳汁等体液中萃取出游离脂肪酸与酯化态脂肪酸混合物,经薄层层析分离、甲酸化后,以十五(烷)酸作内标进行GC-MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)定量测定,获得游离脂肪酸含量。     

Controlled nitroxide-mediated styrene surface graft polymerization with atmospheric plasma surface activation

Polymer layer growth by free radical graft polymerization (FRGP) and controlled nitroxide-mediated graft polymerization (NMGP) of polystyrene was achieved by atmospheric pressure hydrogen plasma surface activation of silicon. Kinetic polystyrene layer growth by atmospheric pressure plasma-induced FRGP (APPI-FRGP) exhibited a maximum surface-grafted layer thickness (125 A after 20 h) at an initial monomer concentration of [M] 0 = 2.62 M at 85 degrees C. Increasing both the reaction temperature ( T = 100 degrees C) and initial monomer concentration ([M] 0 = 4.36 M) led to an increased initial film growth rate but a reduced polymer layer thickness, due to uncontrolled thermal initiation and polymer grafting from solution. Controlled atmospheric pressure plasma-induced NMGP (APPI-NMGP), using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), exhibited a linear increase in grafted polystyrene layer growth with time due to controlled surface graft polymerization as well as reduced uncontrolled solution polymerization and polymer grafting, resulting in a polymer layer thickness of 285 A after 60 h at [TEMPO] = 10 mM, [M] 0 = 4.36 M, and T = 120 degrees C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface analysis demonstrated that polystyrene-grafted surfaces created by APPI-NMGP exhibited a high surface density of spatially homogeneous polymer features with a low root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness ( R rms = 0.36 nm), similar to that of the native silicon surface ( R rms = 0.21 nm). In contrast, polymer films created by APPI-FRGP at [M] 0 = 2.62 M demonstrated an increase in polymer film surface roughness observed at reaction temperatures of 85 degrees C ( R rms = 0.55 nm) and 100 degrees C ( R rms = 1.70 nm). The present study concluded that the current approach to APPI controlled radical polymerization may be used to achieve a grafted polymer layer with a lower surface roughness and a higher fractional coverage of surface-grafted polymers compared to both conventional FRGP and APPI-FRGP.     

Interactions and dispersion stability of aluminum oxide colloidal particles in electroless nickel solutions in the presence of comb polyelectrolytes

The effect of comb polyelectrolytes on the dispersion stability of colloidal alumina particles in DI water and commercial electroless nickel (EN) solutions was investigated. Adsorption of polyelectrolytes and major EN components onto colloidal alumina was assessed by TGA, chemical analysis, and zeta potential measurements. Zeta potential measurements were made during titrations of comb-polyelectrolyte-stabilized dispersions with EN solutions to full ionic strength for the first time. The compilation of titration curves made with varying amounts of comb polyelectrolytes provides high resolution and novel insight into the particle/surfactant/EN systems. Continuous decrease in particle/EN components surface interactions with the increase in comb polyelectrolyte coverage is observed. Laser diffraction measurements reveal steric stabilization of nano- and submicronmeter alumina dispersions in both DI water and EN solutions with >7 wt% and >2 wt% comb polyelectrolyte, respectively.     

A new look at the John–Nirenberg and John–Strömberg theorems for BMO

We develop some techniques for studying various versions of the function space BMO. Special cases of one of our results give alternative proofs of the celebrated John–Nirenberg inequality and of related inequalities due to John and to Wik. Our approach enables us to pose a simply formulated “geometric” question, for which an affirmative answer would lead to a version of the John–Nirenberg inequality with dimension free constants.     

Electronic properties of Si surfaces and side reactions during electrochemical grafting of phenyl layers

The electrochemical grafting process of 4-nitrobenzene and 4-methoxybenzene (anisole) from diazonium salt solutions has been investigated in situ by monitoring the current density, the band bending, and the nonradiative surface recombination during grafting at different potentials and different concentrations of the diazonium salt in the solution. Ex situ infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to inspect the Si surface species before and after the grafting process. The band bending decreases with either increasing concentration of diazonium salt or when the redox potential of the diazonium compound (anisole) is nearer to the competing H+/H2 couple. The surface recombination increases at more cathodic potentials if an electron donor group is present at the phenyl ring (nitrobenzene) and vice versa for the electron acceptor group (anisole). The influence of side reactions can be reduced by use of moderate concentration and moderate or strong cathodic potential, depending on the redox potential of the diazonium compound.     

Empirical extraction of mechanisms underlying real world network generation

The generation mechanisms of real world networks have been described using multiple models. The mathematical features of these models are usually extrapolated from statistical properties of a snapshot of these networks. We here propose an alternative method based on direct measurement of a sequence of consecutive snapshots to uncover the dynamics underlying real world generation. We assume that the probability of adding a node or an edge depends only on local features surrounding the newly added node/edge, and directly measure the contribution of these features to the node/edge addition probability. These measurements are performed using newly defined N-node local structures. Each N-node local structure represents the configuration of edges surrounding a newly added edge. The N-node local structure measurements reproduce for some networks the now classical addition of edges between high degree node mechanisms. It also provides quantitative estimates of more complex mechanisms driving other networks’ evolution, such as the effect of common first and second neighbors. This new methodology reveals the relative importance of different generation mechanisms. We show, for example, that the main mechanism driving hyperlink addition between two websites is the existence of a third website linking to both the source and the target of the new hyperlink.     

The complete infinite series solution of systems governed by the wave equation with boundary damping

A common method of solving initial boundary value problems is separation of variables, denoted as modal analysis in the field of flexible structures. For systems with undamped boundary conditions the method is well-established, but for systems with boundary damping it does not provide closed form solutions. In this paper the exact modal series solution for second order systems with damped boundaries is derived with explicit expressions for the series coefficients. Knowledge of these coefficients enables practical applications of the solution, such as finite dimension approximation. The key element of the derivation is a new orthogonality condition for the damped eigenfunctions. The modal series is also transformed into a traveling wave form. The solution, which is the extension of the classical D’Alembert formula, is represented by a single equivalent propagating wave. A component of the solution, denoted by “end waves”, is identified to provide the continuity of the systems displacement response.     

Kinetic Stabilities and Exchange Dynamics of Water-Soluble Bis-Formamide Caviplexes Studied Using Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy (DOSY)

A deep cavitand binds long-chain trans,trans- and trans,cis-bis-formamide isomers in water solution giving a pair of caviplexes in a ca. 60:40 ratio. Both caviplexes display in/out guest exchange dynamics that are slow on the ¹H NMR chemical shift timescale, but fast on the EXSY timescale. We apply diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) to characterize the caviplexes. On the diffusion timescale, the guest in/out exchange processes feature intermediate dynamics allowing the assessment of their kinetic stabilities. We found that the trans,cis-bis-formamide isomers form kinetically more stable caviplexes than the trans,trans-counterparts. We also show that the kinetic stabilities of the bis-formamide caviplexes relate well with their relative thermodynamic stabilities. Fortunately, the tuning of the DOSY parameters allowed the observation of the exchange dynamics as slow processes on the experiment timescale.